Gold | Sebastiao Salgado | Tachen

by | mrt 12, 2025 | Books

“GOLD” by Sebastião Salgado | A Glimpse into Brazil’s Gold Fever

I recently stumbled across Gold by Sebastião Salgado at a book sale. The cover photo immediately jumped out and impressed me. As the book was wrapped in cellophane, I could only get a good look at it at home.

This Taschen book, designed by Lélia Wanick Salgado, contains impressive black-and-white photographs of the gold rush in Serra Pelada, Brazil. You see masses of people as well as close-ups of workers. Frankly, after opening it, it was a bit disappointing. After the first five powerful photos, the next 50 seem mostly variations on the same theme: all black and white, all crowds of people, all the same kind of work.

Still, because it is all quite recent, the book gives an interesting glimpse into the past. And it proves just how important a good book cover is.

At first I thought it was about a gold rush from the beginning of the last century, around 1910 or 1920. That would explain the manual work, although I thought the pictures were very sharp for the time. Later, I read the brief description at the front – with a summary by E.Y. – and found that it was much more recent: Salgado was there in 1986, and the gold rush began in 1979 when gold was found in a nearby stream. That surprised me. How could such intense manual work be so recent? The photos show large groups of people in extreme situations and/or close-ups of workers. It must have been a lot of misery, accidents and exploitation, as the brief content shows.

Salgado describes Serra Pelada as a huge hole, 200 metres wide and deep, full of tens of thousands of half-dressed men. Some carried heavy 40-kilo bags over wooden ladders, others slid through the mud. It looked like chaos, but it was organised: more than 50,000 workers, divided into plot owners, investors (‘capitalistas’) and day labourers. Remarkably, people from all backgrounds worked together here, with gold as the sole motivation. The day labourers did the hardest work: digging, filling bags, and carrying them up narrow paths and ladders, their bodies red with iron ore. It was dangerous, but they did not stop, even in the rainy season. ‘The thirst for gold was stronger than the fear for their lives,’ Salgado writes.

The government sent federal police – guns, alcohol and women were banned. A state bank bought the gold at 15 per cent below the London Metal Exchange price. They worked from 7am to 6pm, except Sundays. By 1992, when the mine went back to the state (CVRD, now Vale), 30 tonnes of gold had been extracted, worth about $400 million. Some got rich, others lost everything.

The environment paid a price: a devastated landscape with a 200-metre-deep lake where the mine was, and further down the Amazon damage from deforestation and mercury pollution. Salgado ends with: ‘Gold fever keeps them working, but it is also gold fever that keeps them poor.’ Now the area is poor again, a legend with ‘a few happy memories, many painful regrets – and pictures.’

 

“GOLD” by Sebastião Salgado | Een blik in de goudkoorts van Brazilië 

Onlangs stuitte ik op een boekenuitverkoop op Gold van Sebastião Salgado. De coverfoto sprong er meteen uit en maakte indruk. Omdat het boek in cellofaan was verpakt, kon ik het pas thuis goed bekijken.

Dit Taschen-boek, ontworpen door Lélia Wanick Salgado, bevat indrukwekkende zwart-witfoto’s van de goudkoorts in Serra Pelada, Brazilië. Je ziet zowel massa’s mensen als close-ups van arbeiders. Eerlijk gezegd viel het na het openslaan wat tegen. Na de eerste vijf krachtige foto’s lijken de volgende vijftig vooral variaties op hetzelfde thema: allemaal zwart-wit, allemaal mensenmassa’s, allemaal hetzelfde soort werk.

Toch geeft het boek, omdat het allemaal nog vrij recent is, een interessante blik op het verleden. En het bewijst maar weer hoe belangrijk een goede boekenkaft is.

Eerst dacht ik dat het ging om een goudkoorts uit het begin van de vorige eeuw, rond 1910 of 1920. Dat zou het manuele werk verklaren, al vond ik de foto’s wel erg scherp voor die tijd. Later las ik de korte beschrijving voorin – met een samenvatting van E.Y. – en bleek het veel recenter: Salgado was er in 1986, en de goudkoorts begon in 1979 toen goud werd gevonden in een nabijgelegen stroom. Dat verraste me. Hoe kon zulk intens manueel werk nog zo recent zijn? De foto’s laten grote groepen mensen zien in extreme situaties en/of close-ups van arbeiders. Het moet het een hoop ellende, ongevallen en uitbuiting zijn geweest, zoals ook blijkt uit de korte inhoud.

Salgado beschrijft Serra Pelada als een enorm gat, 200 meter breed en diep, vol tienduizenden halfgeklede mannen. De een droeg zware zakken van 40 kilo over houten ladders, de ander gleed door de modder. Het leek chaos, maar het was georganiseerd: meer dan 50.000 werkers, verdeeld in perceeleigenaren, investeerders (“capitalistas”) en dagloners. Opvallend genoeg werkten hier mensen van alle achtergronden samen, met goud als enige drijfveer. De dagloners deden het zwaarste werk: graven, zakken vullen, en die over smalle paden en ladders naar boven dragen, hun lichamen rood van het ijzererts. Het was gevaarlijk, maar ze stopten niet, zelfs niet in het regenseizoen. “De dorst naar goud was sterker dan de angst voor hun leven,” schrijft Salgado.

De overheid stuurde federale politie – wapens, alcohol en vrouwen waren verboden. Een staatsbank kocht het goud voor 15% onder de London Metal Exchange-prijs. Ze werkten van 7 uur ’s ochtends tot 6 uur ’s avonds, behalve op zondag. Tegen 1992, toen de mijn terugging naar de staat (CVRD, nu Vale), was 30 ton goud gewonnen, zo’n 400 miljoen dollar waard. Sommigen werden rijk, anderen verloren alles.

De omgeving betaalde een prijs: een verwoest landschap met een meer van 200 meter diep waar de mijn was, en verderop in de Amazone schade door ontbossing en kwikvervuiling. Salgado eindigt met: “Goudkoorts houdt hen aan het werk, maar het is ook goudkoorts die hen arm houdt.” Nu is het gebied weer arm, een legende met “een paar gelukkige herinneringen, veel pijnlijke spijt – en foto’s.”

 

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